properly be designated as the first. Incidentally,
the Romans are said also to have heated water
for their baths by pass:ng it through fires in brass
pipes.
A Christopher Sower of Germantown, Pa. in
1735 is credited with building the first stove intended to heat another room than the one in which
it was located.
Benjamin Franklin's famous stove was invented
by him in 1744. One purpose of the Franklin
stove was to get heat on all sides. People had been
toasted on one s'de, frozen on the other. Only
four years later he heated a row of houses by means
of an iron stove-furnace set in a chamber beneath
'he g-round. The Aue was an iron box-pipe ten
inches across, laid beneath the floors. It was enclosed by brick walls and a tile top to prevent
the floors from catching fire.
James Watt in 1874 invented a room heater.
His workroom was 20 It by 20 ft. To heat it, he
installed a boiler of metal sheets in the basement.
It is not known whether he employed pipe coils
J. E. Seiter-1926
J. C. Butler-1929
E. E. Dubry-1932
or an iron box as a radiator.
remove air.
He used valves to
A Mr. Hoyle of Halifax in 1791 patented a
system of heating, using pipes full of steam. He
and his partner, Boulton, 16 years later installed
a unique heating system in which the cast-iron
columns supporting a building were also used as
heating surface.
The kinetic use of steam had likewise been
progressing at an increasing pace for centuries.
Nero, in Alexandria as early as 120 B.C., invented
the first known primitive steam turbine. However,
it was not until 1698 that steam was used to raise
water. This may have been the first industrial use.
In 1774 James Watt perfected a reciprocating
engine. Fulton's ship, the Clermont, was built in
1807, and so quick was the progress that it was
only II years later that the steamship, Savannah,
was the first to cross the Atlantic Ocean under her
own steam. In 1830 the Baltimore and Ohio Rail-
Figure 3. Holly's Home in Lockport
road was the first successfully to operate a steam
locomotive, the De Witt Clinton.
In 1816 the Marquis de Chambonne and Jacob
Perkins introduced a heating system to England,
using hot water as the heating medium.
In 1793 a Mr. Green invented a heating system
in which a three-in. steam line passed through the
center of a nine-in. air duct. The duct ran around
